Category Archives: Docker

Improving And Simplifying Software Development With Jenkins X

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Software development is hard. It takes years to become a proficient developer, and the tech and the processes change every so often. What was effective yesterday, is not necessarily effective today. The number of languages we code in is increasing. While in the past, most developers would work in the same language throughout their whole carrier, today it is not uncommon for a developer to work on multiple projects written in different languages. We might, for example, work on a new project and code in Go, while we still need to maintain some other project written in Java. For us to be efficient, we need to install compilers, helper libraries, and quite a few other things.

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Defining Continuous Deployment Goals

The difference between continuous integration, delivery, and deployment is not in processes, but in the level of confidence we have in them.

The continuous deployment process is relatively easy to explain, even though implementation might get tricky. We'll split our requirements into two groups. We'll start with a discussion about the overall goals that should be applied to the whole process. To be more precise, we'll talk about what I consider non-negotiable requirements.
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The DevOps Toolkit Series Explores Continuous Deployment To Kubernetes

Soon after I started working on The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes, I realized that a single book could only scratch the surface. Kubernetes is vast, and no single book can envelop even all the core components. If we add community projects, the scope becomes even more extensive. Then we need to include hosting vendors and different ways to set up and manage Kubernetes. That would inevitably lead us to third-party solutions like OpenShift, Rancher, and DockerEE, to name a few. It doesn't end there. We'd need to explore other types of community and third-party additions like those related to networking and storage. And don't forget the processes like, for example, continuous delivery and deployment. All those things could not be explored in a single book so The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes ended up being an introduction to Kubernetes. It can serve as the base for exploring everything else.

The moment I published the last chapter of The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes, I started working on the next material. A lot of ideas and tryouts came out of it. It took me a while until the subject and the form of the forthcoming book materialized. After a lot of consultation with the readers of the previous book, the decision was made to explore continuous delivery and deployment processes in a Kubernetes cluster. The high-level scope of the book you are reading right now was born.
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Kubernetes Resource Management Compared To Docker Swarm Equivalent

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This article is part of the series that compare Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

Resource management can be divided into a few categories. We need to define how much memory and CPU we except a container will use and what are the limits. This information is crucial for a scheduler to make "intelligent" decisions when calculating where to place containers. In this aspect, there is no essential difference between Kubernetes and Docker Swarm. Both are using requested resources to decide where to deploy containers and limits when to evict them. Both of them are, more or less, the same in this aspect.
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Kubernetes RBAC Compared To Docker Swarm RBAC

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This article is part of the series that compare Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

Docker has RBAC. Just as Kubernetes, it is organized around subjects, roles, and resource collections. In many aspects, both provide a very similar set of features. Should we quickly declare it a tie?

There is one crucial difference between Kubernetes RBAC and the one provided by Docker. The latter is not free. You'd need to purchase Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) to secure your cluster beyond "only those with the certificate can access it." If you do have Docker EE, you already made up your mind, and the discussion whether to use one or the other is over. Docker EE is great, and soon it will work not only with Swarm but also with Kubernetes. You bought it, and there's not much reason to switch to something else. However, this comparison focuses on what open source core versions can offer. It ignores third party and enterprise additions.
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Kubernetes Namespaces Compared To Docker Swarm Equivalent (If There Is Any)

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This article is part of the series that compares Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

Docker Swarm does not have anything like Kubernetes Namespaces. We cannot split a Swarm cluster into sections. Therefore, we can finish this comparison by saying that Kubernetes is a clear winner regarding this feature since Docker Swarm doesn't have Namespaces. But, that would not be entirely accurate.

Docker Swarm stacks are, in a way, similar to Kubernetes Namespaces. All the services in a stack are uniquely identified through a combination of a stack name and the names of services inside it. By default, all services within a stack can communicate with each other through the stack's default network. Services can speak with those from other stacks only if they are explicitly attached to the same network. All in all, each Swarm stack is separated from other stacks. They are, in a way, similar to Kubernetes Namespaces.
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Kubernetes Secrets Compared To Docker Swarm Secrets

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This article is part of the series that compares Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

Secrets are very similar to Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Docker Swarm configs. Everything we said for configurations applies to Secrets, with a few additional features.

Both Kubernetes and Docker Swarm stores Secrets in tmpfs inside containers. From that aspect, they are equally secure. The significant difference is in the way Secrets are stored internally.
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Kubernetes ConfigMaps Compared To Docker Swarm Configs

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This article is part of the series that compares Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

The mechanisms behind Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Docker Swarm configs are almost the same. At least, from the functional perspective. Both allow us to store some literal texts in scheduler's internal data store, and both enable us to add them to containers. The syntax is equally simple and straightforward in both cases. Still, there are a few differences.

Docker Swarm's Config is immutable. We cannot enter into a container and remove it. We cannot update it. All we can do is read it. Kubernetes will allow us to manipulate injected configuration files, only to revert changes soon after. It is acting like a cleaning lady. You can create any mess you want, she'll clean it up. Or, maybe, that would be a butler? Not sure... Anyways, Kubernetes ConfigMap mounts are eventually immutable. Such a thing is not a big deal. We just need to understand how it works and to learn never to touch configuration files. Or, even better, we should change the default mount's permissions to be read-only.
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Kubernetes Ingress Compared To Docker Swarm Equivalent

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This article is part of the series that compares Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

Both Kubernetes and Docker Swarm have Ingress, and it might sound compelling to compare them and explore the differences. While that, on the first look, might seem like a right thing to do, there is a problem. Ingress works quite differently across the two.

Swarm Ingress networking is much more similar to Kubernetes Services. Both can, and should, be used to expose ports to clients both inside and outside a cluster. If we compare the two products, we'll discover that Kubernetes Services are similar to a combination of Docker Swarm's Overlay and Ingress networking. The Overlay is used to provide communication between applications inside a cluster, and Swarm's Ingress is a flavor of Overlay network that publishes ports to the outside world. The truth is that Swarm does not have an equivalent to Kubernetes Ingress Controllers. That is, if we do not include Docker Enterprise Edition to the mix.
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Kubernetes Deployments Compared To Docker Swarm Stacks

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This article is part of the series that compares Kubernetes and Docker Swarm features.

If you already used Docker Swarm, the logic behind Kubernetes Deployments should be familiar. Both serve the same purpose and can be used to deploy new applications or update those that are already running inside a cluster. In both cases, we can easily deploy new releases without any downtime (when application architecture permits that).

However, unlike the previous comparison between Kubernetes Pods, ReplicaSets, And Services, on the one hand, and Docker Swarm Stacks on the other, Deployments do provide a few potentially important functional differences. But, before we dive into functionals comparison, we'll take a moment to explore differences in how we define objects.
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